1. SPECIES OF TOOLS contraception and Mechanism of

Choosing a contraceptive tools based on some consideration of the following: effectiveness is high, does not cause side effects, the work can be arranged according to needs, does not cause interference when to have sex, and easy to use. Consider also a matter of price and the most important may be accepted by your partner. Here are the types of contraceptive tools that are available at this time.

Coitus Disconnected
Coitus is lost is a way to prevent pregnancy with interesting penis from vagina before going ejakulasi. This is how the oldest known contraceptives human, and probably still is the way most do today. Benefits is the way this does not require the preparation and cost. Kekurangannya need is a great self-control of men, and many men who can not control the emosionalnya.

Post-coitus flushing
Pascasenggama flushing is done by women is flush with the vagina with water with or without the drug solution (vinegar or other drugs) soon after have sex. That is to remove sperm from the vagina mechanics. Naturally women can prevent pregnancy how to extend the period of breastfeeding.

Periodic abstinence / calendar system
Periodic abstinence, also termed the calendar system initially introduced by Kyusaku Ogino of Japan and Germany Hermann Knaus from around 1931. Therefore, it is also often referred to with the Ogino-Knaus. Basic thoughts are only women can be pregnant for a few days in each cycle haidnya. The period is called the fertile period or phase ovulasi and it happens about 14 days (toleransinya about 2 days) before the first day of the menstrual akan datang.
Kendalanya is difficult for women to determine the suburnya, especially for those who do not regularly haidnya period. Many say that this is the most secure and does not have any side effects.

Condoms
Condom use has been started since the times of ancient Egypt. In the 1553, Gabrielle Fallopi depict the use of silk bags be oiled with the oil before it is installed veil have sex with the goal of preventing men from venereal disease.
Use of condoms as a means of contraception in the new century begins to-18 in the UK. In the beginning this condom is made of sheep intestine, and in 1844 on the development, creating successful Goodyear's rubber condom. Condoms are generally used now is made of rubber and is available with the size and color vary. Condom effectiveness is dependent on the quality and accuracy in use.

Pessarium (Vaginal diaphragm and Carnival Cap)
Pessarium is the female condom. In general, this pessarium divided two groups, the vaginal diaphragm and carnival cap. Vaginal diaphragm is a means of contraception consisting of a rubber bag with a bowl-shaped "per" on the elastic pinggirnya. Diaphragm edge dibengkokkan and easily inserted at the top of the vagina to prevent sperm entry into the top of the channel reproduction. To be effective should be used contraceptive jelly or cream for the murderer sperm.
Diaphragm must stay in the vagina for 6 hours after sexual relations. Contraceptive tool that is most appropriate one is used by women with pelvic base that is not loose and the tonus of the vagina wall. But for the first penggunannya needs to be the appropriate size difragma.
Carnival cap made of rubber or plastic and shaped bowls made from the pinggirnya the thick rubber. Smaller size of vaginal diaphragm. The tool is rarely used to start contraception.


Spermatisida
Spermatisida used for contraception consists of two components, namely chemical substance that is capable of turning off the spermatozoa and vechikulum used to make tablets, cream, or jelly. Spermatisid useful to kill sperm before serviks pass. How it works with the cell membrane damage sperm and reduce sperm mobility and sperm in the ability to fertilize ovum. Spermatisida consists of various forms such as suppositorum, jelly or cream, foam tablet, and tissue KB. Users are very limited.

Pill
There are three types of contraceptive pill that is: mini-pill, combination pills, and pills pascasenggama. In addition to preventing the occurrence of ovulasi, pills also have other effects on traktus genitalis. The effect a change in the mucus serviks, so become less viscous and more. Thus the sperm can not enter the cavity rahim.Yang common use is a combination pill of estrogen and progesteron. Pills made from synthetic hormones.
Despite many macamnya available dipasaran and very high level of effectiveness, not all women can use the combination pill for contraception. The situation is not allowed to use the pill KB is:
1. Women who have a tumor that is affected by estrogen
2. Women who suffer heart disease is active, both acute and chronic
3. Women who had suffered trombophlebitis, tromboemboli, and cerebro-aberration vaskuler
4. Women who have the disease diabetes melitus
5. Women who have experienced depression, migraine, mioma uteri, hypertension, oligomenorea. (Special conditions for this are relatively, and the combination pill for women, the difference-the difference must be supervised regularly, at least once in three months).





Injection
There are currently two types of contraceptive injection. First, the progestin, such as depoprovera, depogeston, depoprogestin, and noristerat. Second, the progestin with estrogen propionat mixture, such as cycloprovera. This drug works by way of pressing the formation of hormones from the brain so that the avoidance of ovulasi. Injection is very appropriate given the mothers who are breastfeeding because of how it works does not disrupt lactation.

Implant / implan
There are two types of implant used for contraception, namely norplan and implanon. Norplan a contraceptive method is 5 years consisting of 6 capsule silastik Silicon containing each 36 mg levonorgestrel and inserted under the skin. Implanon is only 3 years old and white flexible rod-shaped with a length of 40 mm diameter and 2mm in a needle attached to a special inserter.

IUD (Intra Uterine Device) or contraception Tools In Rahim (AKDR)
Now in this market there is in tens IUD type. Their raw materials from the circulating IUD consists of three types. It's made of plastic, containing copper, and there is a steroid hormone. In terms of shape, divided to the IUD in the form of an open and closed like a ring. That many programs used in the KB masional is the type of Lippes loop IUD.
Compared with the tools and the other drugs contraceptives, IUD has advantages because it only requires a one-time installation, do not cause systemic effects, economical and suitable for use en masse, effectiveness is high enough, and easily removed if wanted children (reversibel). However, the IUD can cause side effects such as bleeding, pain, stomach cramps, and disruption or inconvenience to the husband. Even pelvik can cause infection and endometritis.




Sterilization (tubektomi and vasektomi)
In practice, sterilization can be divided into two, namely vasektomi and tubektomi. Tubektomi effort is made to the sterilization of women with close or cut way ovary in a certain way so that they can not be pregnant again. Vasektomi is fastening or cutting action on the channel sperm (vas deferens) that cause a man can not type menghamili opponent. Sterlisasi the benefits of this are almost 100 percent effectiveness, does not affect sexual Libido, and the failure of the patient almost does not exist.




2. INTERFERENCE ON THE HUMAN SYSTEM reproduction
Interference menstruasi
Interference in the menstruasi women are divided into two types, namely amenore primary and secondary amenore. Amenore primary is not until the occurrence of menstruasi age 17 years with or without sexual development. Amenore is not the occurrence of secondary menstruasi for 3 - 6 months or more in the middle of the cycle menstruasi.
B. Cancer genitalia
Cancer in the female genitalia may occur in the vagina, ovarium and serviks.
C. Cancer vagina
Vagina cancer is not known but it likely occurred because the irritation of which are caused by viruses. Treated with chemotherapy, among others, and laser surgery.
D. Cancer serviks
In developing countries such as Indonesia, the disease serviks cancer is a major cause of death due to cancer. In the world, every two minutes a woman dies due to cancer serviks. So, do not look more threatening disease with the eye. Here are 13 things you must know about cancer serviks.

Cancer serviks neck cancer or womb cancer is the type of disease that occurred in the uterus neck. That is, the womb, which is located on the bottom, which opens to the vagina vagina. Neck of the womb as, when the information has entered the stage, this cancer can spread to other organs throughout the body.

The World Health Organization (WHO) states, at this time the disease cancer serviks occupy the top ranking among the various types of cancer that causes death in women in the world. In Indonesia, every year more than 15,000 detected cases of cancer serviks, and approximately as many as 8000 cases of which ended with the death. According to WHO, Indonesia is a country with the number of cancer serviks the highest in the world. Why be so dangerous? The cancer serviks appear as enemies in a blanket. Difficult to detect until the disease has reached advanced stages.

Causes
Serviks cancer caused by HPV virus (Human Papilloma Virus). This virus has more than 100 types, where most of them harmless and will vanish by itself. Types of HPV virus that cause cancer and serviks most fatal consequence is a virus HPV types 16 and 18. However, other than caused by the HPV virus, abnormal cells in the womb, the neck can also grow due to radiation exposure or contamination of chemicals that occur in the time period long enough.

Transmission
HPV virus transmission can occur through sexual relations, especially with the switch-pair change. Virus transmission can occur either with the transmission through the genital organs to the genital organs, oral to genital or genital to manually. Therefore, the use of condoms when the relationship is too intimate does not prevent the effect of HPV virus. For, not only spread through the fluid, the virus can move through the touch of skin.

Symptoms
At the initial stage, this disease does not cause symptoms easily observed. Therefore, you are already sexually active are highly recommended to do the pap smear test every two years. Physical symptoms of this disease is generally only felt by people with advanced stages of cancer. Namely, the emergence of pain and bleeding when exposed intimate (contact bleeding), keputihan excessive and not normal, bleeding outside menstruasi cycle, and the drastic decrease in body weight. If the cancer has spread to the pelvis, the patient will suffer painful back complaint, in barriers berkemih, and kidney enlargement.

E. Ovarium cancer
Ovarium cancer or ovary obtained nickname "The Silent Lady Killer" murderess or tacit, as this nickname implies ovarium cancer are difficult to detect in the early stages. Because usually no symptoms at all. Growth is very slow and usually if there is a complaint arising benjolan.
Women who are at risk of cancer affected or ovarium ovary usually associated with breast cancer. There are family relationships, so-called breast cancer syndrome. Although the descendants of factors play a role in the occurrence of ovarium cancer, women who have no family ovarium cancer can also infected the disease is cancer. In addition to the descendants of factors, it definitely ovarium cancer has not been known until now.
Who is at risk, some of the literature ovarium cancer can strike young women to old age. Ovarium cancer cases found termuda aged 8 years. So, ovarium cancer is not age perspective. Women who are at risk of suffering ovarium cancer is usually women who have children experiencing difficulty, women who do not have children, and women who get triggered ovulasi (hormone therapy).
If a bag is not found in normal ovarium not mean suffering langsumg convicted ovarium cancer. It's the type of cyst in the ovarium associated with menstrual cycle, known by the name of a functional cyst may shrink by itself within 1-3 months because it only contains a liquid. Malignant cyst that usually lead to cancer sectional and thick cell wall and not regularly. Unlike the only functional cyst filled fluid, abnormal cyst showed a mixture of liquid and solid network and can be violent.
There is a cancer on the ovary akan possible fertility. Cancer who have entered the stadium go, can attack the body organs such as intestine (the most) and the lungs. Risk of death will be the greater. Ovarium cancer diagnose delays often occurred because the location is in the ovarium in the pelvis so that it is not visible from the outside.

Ovarium Cancer Symptoms
The symptoms when exposed felt ovarium cancer usually is:
1. There is enlargement because there is a conglomeration stomach fluid in the belly.
2. Menstruasi interference occurs when the tumor hormone.
3. Pain in the stomach and bleeding quite a lot happens when menstruasi.
4. Sometimes stomach feels begah, puffed, and not comfortable.
When the stadium go, then the symptoms:
1. Have felt in the stomach when benjolan be touched.
2. Pelvic pain.
3. Interference defecate or void due to the emphasis on small alimentary tract and ureter.
4. People can experience hoarding fluid in the belly cavity to flow to the thoracic cavity.
5. Where the belly bulge and can be blown up to occur.
F. Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a condition where there is a network endometrium outside the uterus, which can grow around the ovarium, or oviduk far outside the uterus, for example in the lungs.
Symptoms of endometriosis include stomach pain, lumbar pain and pain in the menstruasi. If not, endometriosis can cause difficult pregnancies occurred. Handling can be done with the provision of medicines, surgical or laser laparoskopi.
Vagina infection
Symptoms of early infection keputihan a vagina and itch-itch-relief. Infection of the vagina of women age. The result of such intercourse, especially when husbands are infected, fungi or bacteria.
G. Hipogonadisme
Hipogonadisme testis function decline is caused by hormone disruption interaction, such as the hormone androgen and testoteron. This interference causes infertilitas, impotensi and the absence of signs kepriaan. Handling can be done with hormone therapy.

H. Kriptorkidisme
Kriptorkidisme is the failure of one or both of the testis to descend into the abdomen cavity skrotum at the time of the baby. This can be with the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin to stimulate terstoteron. If not go down as well, surgery is done.

I. Uretritis
Uretritis is uretra of infection, the channel that brought water from the bladder urine exit the body.

Causes
The causes can be a bacteria, fungus or virus.
In the women Jasad renik usually comes from the vagina. In most cases, bacteria originating from the large intestine to the vagina and through the anus. Men more often suffer uretritis.

Jasad renik which is transmitted through sexual relations (eg, Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes gonore), entrance to the vagina or penis during a sexual relationship with a sexual partner can be infected and spreading to uretra.
Uretritis on the men most often caused by gonokokus.

Klamidia and simpleks herpes virus can also be transmitted through sexual contact and can cause uretritis.


Symptoms
In the men's, uretritis usually starts with the secretion of fluid uretra.
If it is gonokokus the liquid will contain pus. If it is Jasad renik the other, the liquid contains mucus.

Symptoms are pain at the time berkemih and patients often experience pressure to berkemih.

If uretritis because gonokokus not treated in adekuat, then in the end will constringency uretra (striktur).
Striktur this will increase the risk of a uretritis on uretra higher and sometimes cause terbentuknya abses around uretra.
Abses bag can be formed on the wall uretra (divertikulum uretra), the infection can also be experienced.

If abses cause skin perforation, the water flow can chew through a new channel (fistula uretra).

Diagnosis
Ditegakkan diagnosis based on symptoms.

To find out the cause, fluid samples can be taken out of uretra and analyzed in the laboratory.

Medicine
Treatment depending on the microorganisms cause.
If the cause is bacterial, the antibiotics given.
If it is a herpes virus simpleks, then given anti-viral drugs (such as asiklovir).

J. Prostatitis
Prostatitis is inflammation prostat. The causes can be bacterial, such as Escherichia coli bacteria or not.

K. Epididimitis
Epididimitis is a common infection in the male reproductive channel. Organism is the cause epididimitis E. coli and Chlamydia.

L. Orkitis
Orkitis is inflammation in the testis caused by parotitis virus. If you happen to adult males can cause infertilitas.